PFT Spirometry — Contraindications
Contraindications
- Recent thoracic, abdominal, or eye surgery where forced exhalation is contraindicated.
- Active hemoptysis of unknown origin.
- Unstable cardiovascular status (recent MI, uncontrolled hypertension).
- Recent myocardial infarction (within 1 week).
- Unstable cardiovascular status, aortic or intracranial aneurysm.
- Unresolved pneumothorax.
Relative Contraindications
- Recent eye, sinus, abdominal, or thoracic surgery.
- Acute respiratory infection within 3 weeks.
- History of syncope with forced exhalation.
- Hemoptysis.
References
- Graham, B. L., Steenbruggen, I., Miller, M. R., Barjaktarevic, I. Z., Cooper, B. G., Hall, G. L., Hallstrand, T. S., Kaminsky, D. A., McCarthy, K., McCormack, M. C., Oropez, C. E., Rosenfeld, M., Stanojevic, S., Swanney, M. P., & Thompson, B. R. (2019). Standardization of spirometry 2019 update. European Respiratory Journal, 53(2), 1801513. https://doi.org/10.1183/13993003.01513-2018
- Graham, B. L., Brusasco, V., Burgos, F., Cooper, B. G., Jensen, R., Kendrick, A., MacIntyre, N. R., Thompson, B. R., & Wanger, J. (2017). 2017 ERS/ATS standards for single-breath carbon monoxide uptake in the lung. European Respiratory Journal, 49(1), 1600016. https://doi.org/10.1183/13993003.00016-2016
- Graham, B. L., at al. (2021). ERS/ATS technical standard on lung volume measurements. European Respiratory Journal, 57(3), 2002768. https://doi.org/10.1183/13993003.02768-2020
- Johnson, B. D., Weisman, I. M., Zeballos, R. J., Beck, K. C., & American Thoracic Society/American College of Chest Physicians. (2021). ATS/ACCP statement on cardiopulmonary exercise testing. American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, 203(4), e1�e51. https://doi.org/10.1164/rccm.2034-2021
- Miller, M. R., Stanojevic, S., Swanney, M. P., & Thompson, B. R. (2022). Global Lung Function Initiative reference values and PFT interpretation. European Respiratory Journal, 59(3), 2101499. https://doi.org/10.1183/13993003.01499-2021
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